Social order refers to how society's components maintain the status quo. It includes structures, relations, interactions, norms, and values. Social order exists through shared social contracts and rules
Marx was initially a Hegelian but later developed his own materialist philosophy. Both philosophers explored human history's underlying dynamics. Marx believed philosophy should change material conditions, while Hegel saw it as passive
Written by Marx and Engels for Communist League's Second Congress in London 1847. First published in February 1848 as 23-page pamphlet. Initially published in German, later translated into multiple European languages
Antinomy refers to mutual incompatibility between two notions. Self-contradictory statements like "There is no absolute truth" can be antinomies. Paradoxes like "this sentence is false" can also be antinomies
Humanism emerged in late 18th-19th century Enlightenment as cornerstone of philosophy. Human history seen as product of human thought and action. Human beings possessed common essential features and were inherently free
Philosophy is both a field of study and guiding principles for behavior. Philosophy emerged independently in four ancient civilizations. Philosophy helps make decisions and move forward in life