Sports success depends primarily on genetic endowment and optimal training. Athletes increasingly use dietary supplements for competitive advantage. Vitamin supplements are most commonly used dietary supplements among athletes
Functional training originally referred to strength transfer to specific athletic movements. Strength was specific and required different exercises for each sport. Modern functional training only recognizes stability and joint number as specificity factors
HIIT involves repeated, intense work intervals with recovery periods. Work intervals typically last 20 seconds with 2:1 or 3:1 rest-to-work ratio. True HIIT uses anaerobic pathways for energy production. Work intervals should be near maximum effort (RPE 9)
Maturation is the process of becoming adult stature. Timing refers to when maturation begins, tempo to its rate. Girls mature earlier than boys (8-19 vs 10-22 years)
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L-arginine is an essential amino acid for muscle growth and wound healing. Body can produce L-arginine naturally or obtain it through diet. Supplements can be taken orally, injected, or applied as creams