Relativism asserts that valuations in a domain are relative to observer's perspective. There are various forms of relativism with varying scope and degrees of controversy. Moral relativism examines differences in moral judgments among people and cultures. Epistemic relativism claims there are no absolute principles regarding belief or rationality
Skepticism is doubting knowledge claims in various areas. Greek "skeptikos" means "inquirer" seeking truth. Skeptics challenge dogmatic philosophers and scientists
14 modules totaling 18 hours to complete. 6 hours weekly, 3-week study period. Includes 4 videos, 3 readings, and 18 assignments. Available through Coursera Plus subscription for $199
The Theaetetus is Plato's greatest work on epistemology, written around 369 BC. Dialogue features Socrates as main questioner, with Theaetetus and tutor Theodorus as responses. Dialogue ends in aporia, rejecting all three definitions of knowledge. Theaetetus presents three definitions: knowledge by examples, false belief, and logos
Scientific revolutions present complex epistemological and methodological challenges. Revolutionary change often involves unexpected results and conceptual reorganization. Revolutionary changes alter research norms and methodological standards
Philosophy of science studies science's nature, workings, and knowledge building. No single simple definition exists for science. Epistemology deals with knowledge acquisition and justification. Empiricism emphasizes observable evidence from natural world