Sociocultural theory explores how society and culture influence individual development. Lev Vygotsky developed theory focusing on social interaction and higher-order functions. Zone of proximal development shows knowledge beyond independent learning
ZPD refers to abilities an individual can perform with expert guidance but not independently. Developed by psychologist Lev Vygotsky based on sociocultural theory
Learning occurs through social interaction and collaboration with others. Knowledge develops from personal and cultural interactions. Learning is an active, mental process requiring multiple senses. Learning is personal and based on individual experiences
Lev Vygotsky introduced this concept in 1930s. Standardized tests measure current knowledge, not potential learning. Learning happens automatically with maturation but requires social interaction
Piaget proposed four universal stages of cognitive development. Vygotsky viewed development as continuous, influenced by social context. Piaget emphasized independent exploration, Vygotsky focused on social interaction. Vygotsky introduced Zone of Proximal Development concept. Piaget believed children learn when developmentally ready
Vygotsky introduced ZPD concept during last three years of life. Represents space between what learner can do unsupported and with support. Concept developed to argue against knowledge-based tests