COO is the senior operations leader reporting to CEO. Oversees manufacturing, supply chain, and other planning functions. Focuses on long-term optimization and improvement. Excludes commercial side of business like sales and marketing
Barriers to entry prevent newcomers from entering markets and industries. Primary barriers exist alone, like high startup costs. Ancillary barriers reinforce other barriers when combined
AOP is a financial planning tool for anticipating revenue and expenses for the upcoming year. Developed by business owners, senior managers, or department heads. Outlines projected sales revenue, costs, margins, expenses, and net income. Includes cash flow analysis predicting inflows and outflows
Co-option can refer to adding elite members to maintain group stability. It involves gaining power through elite status or specialist knowledge. Can refer to group assimilation or gaining converts from weaker groups
KPIs evaluate organizational success and provide focus for improvement. Success can be measured by periodic achievement of operational goals. KPIs help focus attention on what matters most
International business involves cross-border transactions of goods, services, technology and capital. It includes all commercial activities promoting global transfer of values. Multinational enterprises operate in multiple countries worldwide