Chlorination was first proposed in 1894 to make water germ-free. Maidstone, England was first to have its entire water supply treated in 1897. Permanent chlorination began in 1905 to stop typhoid epidemic in Lincoln, England. First continuous US use was at Boonton Reservoir in 1908
Saline is a mixture of sodium chloride and water. Normal saline contains 9g NaCl per liter (0.9%). Saline has a pH of 5.5 due to dissolved carbon dioxide
Pure water has neutral pH of 7. EPA recommends drinking water pH between 6.5 and 8.5. Surface water systems typically range from 6.5 to 8.5. Groundwater systems typically range from 6 to 8.5
Distilled water is made by boiling water until vapor and letting it condense. Glass bowl should float in boiling water without touching bottom. Process requires 45 minutes of boiling with ice. Distilled water is safe to drink but tastes flatter than tap water
Fiber-rich foods help soften stools and make them easier to pass. Drinking water, herbal teas, and clear soups support fiber effectiveness. Most adults need 25-30 grams of fiber daily
Aloe vera leaves contain toxic yellow latex that must be removed. Harvested leaves should sit in water for 1 hour to release latex. Store-bought leaves should be washed before use. Cut leaves into two pieces, removing rind and yellow layer