Presentism states that only present things exist and change over time. Presentism is contrasted with eternalism (past, present, future) and actualism (only actual things). Presentism can be stated as "always, only present things exist" or "necessarily, only present things exist"
Creativity was not a major philosophical topic until the nineteenth century. Plato and Aristotle explored creativity through divine inspiration and rational means. Kant defined artistic genius as innate capacity for original works
Benevolent means characterized by or given to doing good. Suggestive of doing good; agreeable. Relates to charitable organizations operating without profit
Plato separated world of ideas from world of objects. John Locke developed introspection as method of self-knowledge. Descartes' "Cogito Ergo Sum" became metaphysical basis of modern philosophy
Misanthropy is general hatred or dislike of humanity. Term originated in 17th century from Greek words for 'hatred' and 'human'. Misanthropes hold negative evaluation based on human flaws
Geist derives from Old High German, translating Latin spiritus. Originally meant frightening apparitions or ecstatic agitation. Acquired Christian meaning through biblical Latin spiritus. Gained special meaning of mind/intellect in 18th century