Cognition refers to mental processes involved in thinking, learning, and understanding. Cognitive psychology investigates mental processes in human thought and behavior. Key cognitive processes include attention, language, learning, memory, and perception
Inner monologue is private verbal communication without requiring physical movement. Children typically develop inner monologue around age 2-3. Inner speech includes tone and inflection despite being non-auditory
Emotions are programmed responses shaped by evolution. Basic emotions include anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise. Evolution selected for both positive and negative emotions
Structuralism was psychology's first school, focusing on basic mental processes. Functionalism emerged as reaction to structuralism, emphasizing mind's adaptive functions. Gestalt psychology viewed experiences as unified wholes, emphasizing holism
Muscle memory is procedural memory for specific motor tasks through repetition. Research on motor skills began with philosophers like Plato and Aristotle. Most motor skills are acquired through practice and observation. Motor memory is not a blank slate but learned during lifetime
Intention is a mental state committing oneself to a course of action. Intentions consist of content (action plan) and commitment (attitude). Intentions can be successful (bring about intended action) or unsuccessful