Peronism emerged from Juan Perón's leadership in Argentina after 1943 military coup. Movement combines nationalist, populist and Christian socialist elements. Defined by three flags: economic independence, social justice and political sovereignty. Promotes inclusive nationalism embracing all Argentine ethnicities
Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian political ideology based on nationalism and militarism. Term "fascismo" comes from Italian "fascio" meaning 'bundle of sticks'. Emerged in early 20th-century Europe, first in Italy during World War I
Nationalism encompasses both national identity and political sovereignty. Nationalism can be defined as voluntary or involuntary community based on common origin. Classical nationalism emphasizes full statehood and national sovereignty. Liberal nationalism combines national values with democratic principles
Ottoman Empire (1290s-1922) was vast land-based empire with diverse ethnicities. Millet system governed empire through semi-autonomous religious and ethnic communities. Empire faced challenges from competition with other empires and ethnic nationalism
Independence and self-reliance based on Declaration of Independence. Equality guaranteed for all based on gender, race, ethnicity, religion. Individualism allows freedom to make decisions without affecting others. Privacy valued through invitations and separate spaces
Atatürk's six main principles: Republicanism, Nationalism, Populism, State Control, Secularism, Progressivism. Principles emphasize individual freedom, national sovereignty, and scientific guidance. Secularism forms basis of all progressivism in republican regimes