Brunner's glands are submucosal glands in duodenum proximal to sphincter of Oddi. Named after Swiss physician Johann Conrad Brunner. Most abundant near pylorus, becoming shorter distally. Divided into external (voluminous) and internal (smaller) groups
Five living species of arboreal neotropical mammals. Size of small dog or large cat, 45 cm long and 3.5-4.5 kg. Have three clawed toes on each limb and short tails. Average speed of 0.24 km/h, slow-moving and agile swimmers
Human body contains 60 chemical elements, 99% essential for life. Six elements make up 99% of body mass: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus. Five elements make up 0.85% of body mass: potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, magnesium
Microbiome research has grown rapidly with $1.7 billion spent in past decade. Field faces challenges in data standardization and collaboration. Microbiome research increasingly driven by methods rather than hypotheses
Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms found in foods and supplements. Fermentation converts starches into alcohol or acid by microorganisms. Probiotic foods can be found in various foods including dairy, meat, and vegetables
Normal to pass gas over a dozen times daily. Lack of gas may indicate less diverse lower digestive tract bacteria. Diverse microbiome improves mood, fitness, heart health and immune system