John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner conditioned a 9-month-old boy to fear rats. The experiment demonstrated classical conditioning in humans. Albert showed no fear initially, but became conditioned to fear rats. Conditioned fear extended to similar white objects and furry objects
Born in 1849 in Ryazan, Russia, to a village priest father. Initially studied theology, later switched to science at St. Petersburg University
Ivan Pavlov first described this conditioning process. Focuses on involuntary, automatic behaviors. Involves pairing neutral stimulus with unconditioned stimulus. Creates associations between naturally occurring and neutral stimuli. Can explain how habits form through repeated pairing
Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior from experience. Behaviorism dominated psychology in early 20th century. John B. Watson pioneered studying learning's influence on behavior
Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, won the 1904 Nobel Prize for studying digestion. Dogs would salivate when assistants entered the room. Pavlov noticed dogs would salivate without food and smell
B.F. Skinner developed operant conditioning theory based on reinforcement and punishment. Ivan Pavlov pioneered classical conditioning through conditioned reflexes