Lactation is milk production from mammary glands during pregnancy and postpartum. Hormones like progesterone and prolactin initially regulate milk production. Milk removal becomes primary driver after 10 days postpartum. Breast milk contains 0.9-1.2g protein/dL, 3.2-3.6g fat/dL, 6.7-7.8g lactose/dL
Fast-growing, drought-resistant tree native to Northern India. Can reach 10-12m height with whitish-gray bark and feathery tripinnate leaves. Flowers fragrant, yellowish-white, and bloom once yearly in cool regions. Produces hanging brown capsules containing 1cm diameter seeds
Saponins are bitter, toxic plant-derived secondary metabolites. They have foamy quality when agitated in water. Structurally classified as glycosides with sugar chains and non-sugar molecules. Can be steroid glycosides (27-C atoms) or triterpene glycosides (30-C atoms)
Hand expression can increase milk supply by up to 80% in first three days. It's especially helpful when mother and baby need to be separated. Helps capture colostrum, which comes in tiny drops. Can be beneficial for engorged breasts and plugged ducts
Thrips are small winged insects, ranging from 0.6 to 15 mm in length. They have narrow, fringed wings and elaborate hexagonal designs. Adults are whitish to brown or black, while larvae are brightly colored
Dairy cows have high nutritional requirements during lactation. Energy requirements peak at 6-10 weeks, feed intake at 8-12 weeks. Dietary energy should not exceed 1.71-1.76 Mcal/kg for early lactation. Rumen microbes provide 45-60% crude protein, requiring adequate microbial growth