Turkish language emerged in Ottoman Empire 2,500 years ago. Old Turkic records date back to 7th century in Mongolia. Oghuz Turkic became predominant dialect in Seljuk dynasty. Arabic influence altered vocabulary through Persian and Arabic words
German is spoken in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, and parts of other European countries. It is a recognized minority language in Italy, Romania, Kazakhstan, and Namibia
English is Earth's favorite language in science and commerce. Modern English differs significantly from traditional usage. New words like "bigsie" and "chickie" are now accepted by IELTS
Korean diaspora in Kazakhstan developed Koryomal based on North Hamgyong dialect. North Korean variant was taught in schools until Soviet Union collapse. South Korean literary language replaced North Korean variant after diplomatic relations. Seoul standard language now taught in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Russia
Reading comprehension is essential for understanding texts and broader learning. Reading ability depends on both word decoding and language comprehension. A mental model is necessary for constructing coherent text understanding
Early childhood education has significantly changed since 1996. Shortage of good care for vulnerable infants and toddlers. Growing number of children with special needs in typical settings. Teacher workforce continues to struggle with low compensation