Microalgae are microscopic phytoplankton found in freshwater and marine systems. They range in size from few micrometers to few hundred micrometers. Unlike plants, they lack roots, stems, and leaves. Produce approximately half of atmospheric oxygen
Digestate is material remaining after anaerobic digestion of biodegradable feedstocks. Anaerobic digestion produces digestate and biogas as main products. Digestate is produced through acidogenesis and methanogenesis processes
Mixotrophs use a combination of energy and carbon sources. More than half of microscopic plankton are mixotrophic. Can be eukaryotic or prokaryotic organisms. Can take advantage of different environmental conditions
Proton pumps build proton gradients across biological membranes. They can be found independently in nature and single cells. Transport of protons generates membrane potential. Combined gradient creates electrochemical potential for energy storage
ETC transfers electrons between donors and acceptors via redox reactions. Process couples electron transfer with proton movement across membranes. Energy from redox reactions drives ATP synthesis through electrochemical gradient
Euglena is a genus of single-celled flagellate eukaryotes found in freshwater and salt water. Species can bloom in ponds, creating green (E. viridis) or red (E. sanguinea) colors. Euglena gracilis serves as a model organism in laboratories