Born in 1961 to working-class Jewish intellectual parents in New York. Graduated from Purchase College and University of Chicago with PhD in 1996. Conducted ethnographic research in Madagascar under Marshall Sahlins
Field research collects data outside laboratories, libraries, or workplaces. Methods include interviews, observation, group participation, and document analysis. Can combine qualitative and quantitative research approaches
Reflexivity refers to circular relationships between cause and effect in human belief structures. Reflexivity involves self-reference where existence engenders examination. Low reflexivity means individuals shaped by environment, high reflexivity by self-expression
Rituals are sequences of activities involving gestures, words, actions, or revered objects. Rituals are found in all known human societies, from religious ceremonies to everyday actions. Rituals are characterized by formalism, traditionalism, invariance, and rule-governance
Anthropology studies humans in past and present societies. Anthropologists typically hold graduate degrees, either doctorates or master's. Fieldwork requires strict adherence to social and ethical responsibilities
Primitive means first or earliest of kind, especially in early world history. Synonyms include pristine, antediluvian, original, primordial, primary. Refers to uncivilized or primitive states of human development