Proteins are essential building blocks of body tissue and fuel source. Proteins contain 17 kJ (4 kcal) per gram, similar to carbohydrates. Proteins are polymers made of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
Tyrosine is one of 20 standard amino acids used in protein synthesis. Discovered in 1846 by Liebig in cheese casein. More hydrophilic than phenylalanine. Encoded by codons UAC and UAU in messenger RNA
Amphoteric compounds can react as both acids and bases. Amphiprotic molecules can donate or accept protons. Ampholytes contain both acidic and basic functional groups
Ornithine is a non-proteinogenic α-amino acid involved in the urea cycle. It is a product of arginase reaction with L-arginine to form urea. Ornithine transcarbamylase catalyzes the conversion of ammonia to citrulline. It serves as a catalyst in the recycling of nitrogen in the body
Histidine is an essential amino acid that must be obtained through diet. The body doesn't produce histidine naturally, so it must be consumed. The FDA doesn't regulate supplements like prescription drugs
Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid that must be obtained through diet. Body converts phenylalanine into tyrosine for brain chemical production. Found in high-protein foods like meat, dairy, eggs, and legumes