Health care team evaluates medical history and physical examination. X-rays confirm diagnosis and reveal spinal curvature severity. Ultrasound and MRI may be used for additional evaluation
Spine consists of vertebrae arranged in cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum and coccyx. Normal spine has two gentle S curves: outward (kyphosis) and inward (lordosis). Scoliosis causes abnormal side curvature of spine with vertebrae twisting
Adams test is a screening method for scoliosis, named after William Adams. Test was first described in 1865 as a simple screening maneuver
Surgery stops curve progression when bracing fails. Can reduce lateral curve by 50-70%. Maintains natural spine curvature and trunk balance. Monitors spinal cord health during surgery
Human skeleton contains 206 bones, with 28 in skull and 33 in spine. Bones are made of periosteum, compact, cancellous tissue, and bone marrow. Bones are lightweight and support body weight while protecting vital organs
Scoliosis is defined as curves exceeding 10 degrees on radiography. Incidence rate for curves 10 degrees and above is 1-3%. Female/male ratio increases from 1.4/1 to 5/1 with curves over 30 degrees