Delusion is a false fixed belief that cannot be changed despite evidence. Bizarre delusions are implausible and not understandable by peers. Non-bizarre delusions reflect real-life situations like being followed. Mood-congruent delusions relate to depression or mania. Mood-neutral delusions don't relate to emotional state
BDI is a 21-item self-report depression assessment tool. Questionnaire evaluates mood, pessimism, and various psychological symptoms. Participants rate their health over past two weeks
DSM 5 was released by APA President Dr. Dilip Jeste in 2013. Manual evolved from 1918 classification to current 947-page structure. Development involved 397 participants from multiple countries
APA's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR). APA Practice Guidelines for schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. APA's Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct
Scale developed to assess adult spiritual well-being in Turkey. Initial 49-item scale reduced through expert feedback. Final scale contains 29 items across three dimensions
Chakras are energy centers in the body, originating in India between 1500-500 BC. The system is used in yoga, ayurveda, and Traditional Chinese Medicine. Chakras correspond to specific organs and have unique meanings