Organizations exist to increase specialization, use technology, and manage environment. Organizational structure balances differentiation, integration, and centralization. Mechanistic and organic structures differ in structure and environmental adaptation
Organizational structure determines employee roles and responsibilities in business. Structure enables clear communication and teamwork among team members. Structure design requires consideration of business size, goals, and industry
Coordination means making different people work together for a common goal. It involves balancing, timing and integrating activities in an organization. Coordination techniques are divided into structural and informal categories
Division of work ensures specialization and efficiency through specialization of tasks. Authority and responsibility must be balanced for effective management. Discipline is essential for smooth business operations. Unity of command requires each employee to report to one superior. Unity of direction means one head and one plan for all activities
Henri Fayol, a French mining engineer, developed modern management theory. He wrote "Administration Industrielle et Générale" in 1916. His principles focus on managerial skills over technical abilities
Project organization defines team coordination and communication throughout project lifecycle. Poor organization can lead to multiple destination trap and productivity loss. Organizational structure determines hierarchy and authority of project team members