Ecstasy means "outside-itself" in existential philosophy. Consciousness is not self-enclosed, as one can be conscious of Others. Contrasts with enstasis, which means "standing-within-oneself"
Dasein means "existence" in German, derived from "da-sein" meaning "being-there". First used by Leibniz, Wolff, Kant, and Hegel in 17th-19th centuries. Heidegger associated it with human existence in 1927
Born in 1900 in Marburg, Germany, to a Protestant family. Studied under Martin Heidegger at Marburg from 1923 to 1928. Initially focused on philosophy, later shifted to classical philology
Kant's "Copernican revolution" established that knowledge requires objects to conform to our faculties. Hegel showed that subject-object relations are illusory and mediated. Modernity emerged as achieved reality through science and technology. Nietzsche criticized the loss of distinction between real and apparent worlds
Hermeneutics clarifies interpretive experience and establishes its validity. Understanding is described as a success of interpretation, not measured by scientific methods. Understanding is educative, teaching about ourselves and the world. Hermeneutics opposes foundationalism's vertical view of knowledge
Heidegger was born in Messkirch in 1889 and studied philosophy at Freiburg University. His philosophical development began with reading Aristotle and Husserl. He became Husserl's assistant in 1919 and later taught at Marburg