Japanese is a language isolate with over 127 million speakers worldwide. No other nation has used Japanese as a first or second language since mid-20th century. Japanese's genetic affiliation remains unknown, strongest hypothesis links to Korean
Most verbs add -s to form third-person singular (sings, gives). Verbs ending in -ch, -s, -sh, -x, or -z add -es (watches, misses). Verbs ending in consonant + y change y to i and add -es (tries)
One-syllable adjectives add -er/-est, ending in -e adds -r/-st. Two- and three-syllable adjectives use more/most. Two-syllable adjectives ending in -y drop y and add -ier
Kannada has 44 million native speakers in India. Official language of Karnataka with minorities in neighboring states. Has 15 million non-native speakers in Karnataka. Present in Malaysia with 59,000 speakers (2021 estimate)
Sanskrit is an Indo-Aryan language that emerged in South Asia during the late Bronze Age. The earliest attested Sanskrit text is the Rigveda, composed between 1500-1200 BCE. Vedic Sanskrit interacted with ancient Indian languages and Dravidian languages
English alphabet evolved from Anglo-Saxon futhorc runic script in 5th century. Latin script replaced futhorc around 7th century. Byrhtferð recorded traditional alphabet order in 1011. Modern English alphabet consists of 26 letters with both uppercase and lowercase forms