Represents inanimate things, animals, people, groups, concepts, and actions. Functions as impersonal subject of "to be" verb. Used in statements expressing conditions without agent. Can refer to source of pain, pleasure, or general state of affairs
Expresses motion or direction toward a point or place. Indicates limit of movement or extension. Shows contact or contiguity with objects. Expresses time limits and purpose. Indicates destination or appointed end
"In" indicates months, years, and seasons. "At" refers to precise times and special festivals. "On" denotes days of the week and specific calendar dates. "By" indicates actions happening before a specific time
"As" means to the same degree or amount. Used as a conjunction with prepositions and participles. Expresses as if or in the same manner as. Indicates for the reason that or since. Can mean regardless of degree or though
Spanish follows SVO (Subject, Verb, Object) word order. Word order can be flexible without changing sentence meaning. Spanish is more flexible than English in sentence construction
Used to indicate actions continuing to present time. Usually placed before verb or adjective. Goes between two verbs when one is negative