First air-blast injection system patented by Brayton in 1872. Herbert-Akroyd engine introduced first pressurized fuel injection in 1891. First manifold injection system designed by Johannes Spiel in 1884
MAP sensor provides instantaneous manifold pressure information to engine's ECU. Used in fuel-injected engines to calculate air density and fuel metering. Can be converted to air mass using IAT sensor and engine speed. Used in OBD II to test EGR valve functionality
Throttle manages fluid flow through construction or obstruction. Term can refer to any engine power/speed regulation mechanism. In aviation, throttle is called thrust lever
Launched in 2011 as global Focus under Alan Mulally's "One Ford" plan. Best-selling car worldwide in 2012. Initially planned as Mercury Tracer, cancelled after Mercury division closure
P0087/88 indicate low/high fuel rail pressure problems. P0089/90 show fuel rail pressure regulator malfunctions. P0107/8 affect atmospheric pressure sensor readings. P0112/13 indicate intake air temperature sensor malfunctions. P0117/18 affect engine coolant temperature sensor readings
ECU controls engine through various switches and sensors. Processes signals and sends commands to fuel injection pump. Manages fuel, air, and ignition systems