Milk is a white liquid produced by mammary glands of mammals. Contains calcium, protein, lactose, and immune factors. Colostrum provides antibodies and immune-modulating components
Mammary glands produce milk for young offspring in mammals. Glands are arranged in breasts (primates), udders (ruminants), or dugs (other animals). Mammary glands are derived from sweat glands
Mammary glands are modified sweat glands that produce milk in response to infant suckling. Breast contains 12-20 lobules organized radially around the nipple. Milk drains through nipple pores to lactiferous sinuses. Montgomery glands secrete oil to cleanse nipple openings
Breast tenderness occurs due to increased estrogen and progesterone levels. Blood volume increases by 50 percent during pregnancy. Nipple sensitivity can vary from heightened to extremely sensitive
Lactation is the production and release of milk from mammary glands after birth. Colostrum is the first milk produced after birth, rich in antibodies and nutrients. Mothers are ready to produce milk during their fifth or sixth month of pregnancy
Secure cow's head with halter and tie to immovable beam. Clean udder thoroughly with warm water and dry gently. Apply latex gloves or lubricant to hands. Use stanchion if available for secure milking