Spine consists of 24 vertebrae from skull to sacrum. Each vertebra has cylindrical body and bony ring. Spinal canal contains spinal cord, nerves exit through neuralforamina
Multifidus is a group of short, triangular muscles in deep back. Located in third layer of deep back muscles, deep to erector spinae. Extends from cervical to lumbar spine, spanning 3-6 vertebral levels
TLF is a deep investing membrane covering back muscles. Develops most in lumbar region, continuous with nuchal fascia. Divided into three layers: posterior, middle, and anterior. Attaches to vertebrae, ribs, and posterior ligaments
Subluxation is an incomplete or partial dislocation of a joint or organ. Joint subluxation occurs when connecting bone partially moves out of joint. Spinal subluxation visible on X-rays and can affect nerve roots. Dental subluxation is common traumatic injury with increased tooth mobility
Trapezius is a large paired trapezoid-shaped surface muscle. Extends from occipital bone to lower thoracic vertebrae. Has three functional parts: upper, middle, and lower
Scapula connects humerus with clavicle, forming back of shoulder girdle. Flat, triangular bone located on posterolateral thoracic cage. Contains cancellous tissue in head and processes, thin compact tissue elsewhere