Born in Afyonkarahisar in 1941 to Macedonian Turkish immigrants. Graduated from Ankara University Law Faculty in 1962. Served as judge in various courts before becoming Constitutional Court chief justice
Kemalism is based on Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's ideas and Six Arrows symbol. Ideology emerged from Ottoman Empire's Tanzimat reforms and Young Turks. Six principles include republicanism, populism, nationalism, laiklik, statism, and reformism
CHP was established in 1923 under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk as People's Fırka. Party name changed to Republican People's Fırka in 1924, then to Party in 1935. CHP adopted four foundational principles in 1927: Republicanism, Populism, Nationalism, Laicism
European values transcend national identities and promote European integration. Term emerged in 1980s with European Values Study research program. Europeanism describes distinctive political, economic and social norms
Turkey established as republic in 1923 after abolishing the sultanate. Constitution adopted in 1924, vesting sovereignty in the Grand National Assembly. Atatürk governed through personal rule in a one-party state. The Republican People's Party (RPP) was founded to support Kemalist reforms
After 1922 Turkish independence war, Mustafa Kemal implemented major societal changes. Revolutions were approved by Turkish Grand National Assembly. Society was in darkness, hopelessness, and backwardness before revolutions