Sorbic acid is a colorless solid with formula CH3(CH)4CO2H. First isolated from unripe berries of Sorbus aucuparia in 1859. Produced commercially from crotonaldehyde and ketene, about 30,000 tons annually
Anticaking agents prevent lumps in powdered materials like salt and confectioneries. Crystalline solids cake through liquid bridge formation. Amorphous materials cake through glass transitions. Some agents absorb moisture or coat particles
IPPD is an organic compound used as an antiozonant in rubbers. It reacts with ozone faster than ozone reacts with rubber. Converts to aminoxyl radicals, while ozone becomes hydroperoxyl radicals. Oxidation transforms phenylenediamine ring into quinone
First synthesized in 1897, invented by Boots Company in 1960s. Produced by bromination of di(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane. World production increased from tens of tonnes to over 5,000 tonnes
Benzyl alcohol is a colorless liquid derived from fruits like cranberries and apricots. It acts as a preservative, antioxidant, and solvent in skincare products. Also known as benzene methanol or phenylcarbinol
Propylene glycol is a petroleum-based clear, oily liquid with no taste or smell. Widely used in food, cosmetics, medicine, and manufacturing industries. FDA considers it generally safe with daily intake guidelines of 23-25 mg/kg body weight