Phenol is a white crystalline mass with a distinctive sweet, acrid odor. Boiling point is 359°F, melting point is 109°F. Flash point is 175°F, density is 1.071 g/cu cm. Soluble in water, ethanol, and acetone
Colorless liquid with faint pungent odor like ethyl alcohol. Miscible with water at 25°C. Boiling point 148.3°F, melting point -144°F. Vapor density 1.11, lighter than air. Flash point 52°F
Silicon dioxide exists as amorphous and crystalline forms. Amorphous type commonly found in food products. Crystalline type common in nature and industrial production
Cigarette smoke contains over 7,000 chemicals, with 250 harmful and 69 carcinogenic. Tobacco plants absorb toxic metals from soil and fertilizer. Smokers have twice as much cadmium as nonsmokers. Radioactive metals Pb-210 and Po-210 are present in cigarette smoke. Approximately 250 poisonous gases are found in cigarette smoke
DDT was first synthesized in 1874 by Othmar Zeidler. Paul Hermann Müller discovered its insecticidal properties in 1939. Used during WWII to control malaria and typhus in troops. Became available for public sale in US in 1945
Anticaking agents prevent lumps in powdered materials like salt and confectioneries. Crystalline solids cake through liquid bridge formation. Amorphous materials cake through glass transitions. Some agents absorb moisture or coat particles