Glenohumeral joint connects upper limb to trunk. Contains superficial muscles (deltoid, trapezius) and deep rotator cuff muscles
Lachman test evaluates anterior cruciate ligament integrity. Test was first described by George Noulis in 1875. Knee should be flexed between 15-30° with slight external rotation. Positive test shows excessive anterior tibial translation
Bones are rigid organs in vertebrate animals providing protection and support. Human body contains approximately 300 bones at birth, totaling 206 in adulthood. Bone tissue consists of 30% matrix and 70% mineralized bone. Matrix contains 90-95% collagen fibers and inorganic mineral salts
Incus is one of three small bones in middle ear. Resembles anvil shape with long and short crus. Connects laterally to malleus and medially to stapes. Superior ligament attaches to tympanic cavity roof
Elbow is the region between upper arm and forearm surrounding elbow joint. Joint allows forearm and hand movement towards and away from body. Elbow is specific to humans and primates, not other vertebrates. Joint capsule surrounds three bones: humerus, radius, and ulna
Ribs form the axial skeleton and protect vital organs in the thorax. Humans have 24 ribs in 12 pairs, with 1 in 500 having cervical ribs. Ribs connect to vertebrae at costovertebral joints and sternum via costal cartilage. Ribs consist of head, neck, body, tubercle, and angle