Labor rights encompass legal and human rights regarding workers and employers. Core labor standards are universally applicable and recognized internationally. Freedom of association and collective bargaining are fundamental rights
Domestic workers provide household services within residences. Traditionally called "servant" in English, sometimes part of hierarchical system. UK's Master and Servant Act 1823 was first domestic service law
Emotional labor is managing feelings to fulfill job requirements. Hochschild identified three strategies: cognitive, bodily, and expressive. Emotional labor differs from emotion work, which occurs in private sphere
Charwoman is a paid part-time cleaner in houses, unlike live-in maid positions. Term originated from "chore woman" in 16th century. Used as official job title by US government agencies before 1960. British English prefers "cleaner," American English uses "maid"
Study examined challenges of 40 married female secretaries in Owerri metropolis. A 30-item questionnaire was developed and validated. Only confidential and personal secretaries were studied
Women's workforce participation increased from 24% in 1945 to 52% in 1993. Married women's participation grew from 3.4% to 18% of total workforce. Women moved from teaching and nursing to white collar industries