Willow bark extract has been used for 2,400 years. First synthesized by Gerhardt in 1853 from sodium salicylate. Bayer developed pure form in 1897, named it "Aspirin" in 1899. Bayer lost trademark rights in US and other countries
Annual plant native to Balkan Peninsula, adapted to temperate zones. Contains less than 1% essential oil, with up to 50% alpha-bisabolol. Essential oil contains 40 components, including flavonoids and coumarins
Ginger tea is made by steeping fresh ginger root in boiling water. It's not technically a tea, but has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for centuries. Can be prepared with 1-inch ginger slice and 1 cup boiling water
Zinc carnosine is a chelated compound made from equal parts zinc and L-carnosine. It's more effective than elemental zinc supplementation for gut health. Developed in pharmaceutical laboratories for treating stomach ulcers
Quercetin is a flavonol found in various foods and plants. Typical dietary intake is 5-100 mg daily, up to 500 mg from foods. Most clinical studies use 500-1000 mg daily in divided doses
Bee venom comes from Apis mellifera, a common honeybee. It is a bitter, colorless liquid with various components. Used for hyposensitization and anti-inflammatory effects