Estrogen is primary female hormone produced mainly by ovaries. Progesterone prepares uterus for pregnancy and suppresses estrogen after ovulation. Women produce testosterone but in lesser amounts than men
Pituitary adenomas are primary neuroendocrine tumors occurring in pituitary gland. Microadenomas are <10mm, macroadenomas are >10mm in size. Population prevalence is 0.1%, autopsy prevalence around 15%. Macroadenomas are twice as common as microadenomas
PCOD affects 10% of women worldwide, causing ovarian cysts and hormone imbalance. PCOS affects women between 12-51, causing higher male hormone levels. PCOS prevalence in India ranges from 3.7% to 22.5%
Testosterone peaks during puberty (300-1200 ng/dl). Levels remain between 300-950 ng/dl in adulthood. Gradual decrease of 1% yearly after 30s
Protein deficiency affects hunger levels and slows digestion. Insufficient sleep disrupts appetite hormones and insulin regulation. Refined carbs and low-fat diets increase hunger. Low fiber intake leads to faster digestion and increased hunger
PCOD affects 5-10% of women, with 9-22% of Indian women experiencing it. Hormonal imbalance leads to irregular periods and ovarian cysts. PCOD differs from PCOS, which is an endocrinological disorder