Recombinant DNA technology inserts foreign genes into bacterial plasmids. CRISPR-Cas9 technology enables precise genetic modifications in living organisms. Bacteria produce human insulin, growth hormone, and vaccines. Plants can fix nitrogen and resist herbicides through genetic engineering
Gray goo describes self-replicating machines consuming Earth's biomass and building more. Term coined by K. Eric Drexler in 1986 book Engines of Creation. First publicized in science fiction magazine Omni in 1986
Livestock are domesticated animals raised for labor and product production. USDA classifies beef, pork, veal, lamb as livestock, poultry and fish excluded. Term "livestock" first used between 1650-1660 as "live" and "stock"
Gametogenesis involves cell division to form mature haploid gametes. Can occur through meiosis or mitosis depending on organism's life cycle. Alternation of generations exists between meiosis and gametogenesis
GM animals are modified for research, production, and disease resistance. Genetic engineering is slow, tedious, and expensive. First transgenic animal was created in 1974 by Rudolf Jaenisch
Social experiments observe people's reactions to situations and events. Participants are divided into active participants and respondents. Experiments are conducted in controlled environments like laboratories. Most subjects remain unaware of being part of the experiment