Flat, quadrilateral skeletal muscle located on posterior hip joint. Strong external rotator and adductor of thigh. Stabilizes femoral head in acetabulum. Originates from lateral border of ischial tuberosity. Inserts on posterior femur head via quadrate tubercle and line
Ossification of medial collateral ligament of knee, discovered by Köhler in 1903. Named after Italian surgeon Pellegrini and German surgeon Stieda. First reported case by Pellegrini in 1905, later by Stieda in 1908
Patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the body located on the knee. Fractures occur from falls, direct trauma or sudden twisting movements. Incidence is 13.1/100,000 per year, with women accounting for 56%. Most fractures are caused by low-energy trauma, especially falls
Knee OA affects over 14 million Americans, most common cause of musculoskeletal disability. Disease begins before symptoms appear, affecting 13% of women and 10% of men over 60. Cartilage breakdown causes gradual pain, stiffness, and limited motion
Knee consists of thighbone, shinbone, kneecap, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage. Common causes include arthritis, ligament injuries, meniscus tears, and tendonitis. Arthritis types include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, and post-traumatic arthritis
Quadriceps tendon connects quadriceps muscles to patella. Group of 4 muscles forms extensor mechanism of lower leg. Tendon is multilayered, with rectus femoris being most superficial