Finnish and Swedish are Finland's two main official languages. Finnish is spoken by 85.7% of the population (2022). Swedish is spoken by 5.2% of the population (2022). English is spoken by 0.5% of the population
Spanish and Guaraní are the official languages of Paraguay since 1992. Spanish is understood by 90% of the population. Guaraní is understood by 77% of the population. About 50,000 indigenous Paraguayans speak additional indigenous languages
Galician evolved from Vulgar Latin and Galician-Portuguese in northwest Spain. First written document in Galician dates to 1230. Language flourished in 13th-14th centuries as literary and cultural language. Spanish became official language in 14th century, leading to diglossia
English has been predominant first language since late 18th century. Irish is first official language in Republic of Ireland. Ulster Scots recognized as minority language in Northern Ireland
Turkish language reform was part of Atatürk's Turkification policy. TDK was established in 1932 to research Turkish language. Several hundred Arabic words were officially replaced
Icelandic is a North Germanic language spoken by about 314,000 people. It is the national language of Iceland and official in Iceland. Icelandic is not mutually intelligible with continental Scandinavian languages. The language is more conservative than most other Germanic languages