TLF is a deep investing membrane covering back muscles. Develops most in lumbar region, continuous with nuchal fascia. Divided into three layers: posterior, middle, and anterior. Attaches to vertebrae, ribs, and posterior ligaments
ASDAS combines five disease activity variables into one composite index. Two versions exist: CRP-based (preferred) and ESR-based (alternative). Variables include back pain, morning stiffness, patient global, and peripheral pain. All items use visual analogue or numerical rating scales
Deep breathing helps oxygenate muscles and prevent soreness. Find a private area and avoid jerking motions. Never stretch to the point of pain. Consult a doctor if back pain persists after 72 hours
The lumbar spine consists of five vertebrae that stack in a centered alignment. The largest vertebrae carry the load from head to low spine. Intervertebral discs act as shock absorbers between vertebrae. The lumbar area serves as the physical center for balance and locomotion. The spine has a forward lordosis curve that maintains proper alignment
L5-S1 connects lumbar spine's end to sacral spine's beginning. Spine has 24 movable bones connecting to sacrum and coccyx. Joint allows twisting, bending, and standing upright
Piriformis syndrome causes pain and stiffness behind the hip. Condition occurs when piriformis muscle presses on sciatic nerve. Stretching can help improve symptoms and prevent injury