Diphyllobothrium genus includes species like D. latum, D. dendriticum, and D. nihonkaiense. D. latum is native to Scandinavia and now found in North America. Other species infect humans infrequently, including D. elegans and D. lanceolatum
Cyanocobalamin is a form of vitamin B12 used to treat deficiency. First manufactured in 1940s, available over-the-counter. Most air-stable form of B12, easily crystallizes and purifies. Can be obtained as dark red crystals or amorphous red powder
Lacto-ovo vegetarianism allows consumption of milk and eggs. Term comes from Latin "lact" (milk) and "ovum" (eggs). Concept has been around for centuries, especially in India
Megaloblastic anemia involves larger than normal red blood cells. Usually results from vitamin B12 or folate deficiency. Can occur due to malnutrition or gastrointestinal conditions
Peripheral neuropathy damages nerves outside brain and spinal cord. Causes weakness, numbness and pain, usually in hands and feet. Nerves send sensory and motor information between CNS and body. Symptoms include tingling, burning pain, and extreme sensitivity
B12 deficiency leads to anemia due to low stored B12 levels. B12 is essential for healthy red blood cell production. Only found in animal foods and yeast extracts