Argumentative essay requires investigation, evidence collection, and position establishment. Unlike expository essays, it involves extensive research and is typically a capstone project. Expository essays are shorter and used for tests like GED or GRE
PhD is the highest globally recognized postgraduate research degree. Full-time PhDs last 3-4 years, part-time 6-7 years. Students typically need 2:1 undergraduate degree and Master's degree. PhD holders use "Doctor" title in academic settings
Master's degree takes 1-2 years, PhD requires 3-7 years. Master's degrees are more common than PhDs (24M vs 4.5M in US). Master's prepares for various careers, PhD focuses on academic research
Founded in 1855 as Swiss Federal Polytechnic School. Has 22 Nobel laureates, 2 Fields Medalists, 3 Pritzker Prize winners. Ranked #7 in QS World University Rankings 2025
Case study is an in-depth examination of specific cases in real-world context. Can include multiple observations within single case or across multiple cases. Research can be within-case (single case) or cross-case (multiple cases)
Postgraduate education consists of degrees and qualifications pursued after undergraduate studies. Structure varies by country and institution, with "graduate school" common in North America. Original research is common in humanities, sciences, and social sciences