Gastric balloon is silicone/polyurethane material placed in stomach for obesity treatment. Fixed volume balloons stay 6 months, adjustable balloons 12 months. Endoscopic balloon requires anesthesia, swallowable balloon doesn't. Balloon inflated with sterile saline, stays 4-12 months
Smoking contains over 7,000 toxic chemicals that damage lung tissue. Eight in ten COPD cases are caused by smoking. Smoking increases risk of lung cancer by 20 times. Cigarette smoking is leading preventable cause of death in US
BMI above 30 indicates obesity, above 40 is morbid obesity. Body fat ratio should be 12-18% for men, 20-28% for women. Waist circumference over 94 cm in men, 80 cm in women indicates risk
Normal menstrual cycle duration varies by age and menstrual cycle stage. Laboratory tests should use healthy control population ranges or cluster analysis. Visual scales preferred for hirsutism assessment, Ludwig/Olsen for hair loss. New-onset severe hyperandrogenism requires further investigation