Vowel harmony requires vowels in a word to share distinctive features. Harmony occurs across long distances between vowels. One vowel triggers shifts in others, either progressively or regressively. Common features include backness, height, nasalization, and roundedness
Written for English-speaking students and professionals. Presents Turkish grammar in clear, jargon-free style. Contains over 200 interactive exercises. Includes tables summarizing key grammar points. Provides exercises with answers and grammatical term gloss
Self-study course for English speakers learning Turkish from beginner to intermediate level. Contains 17 units with dialogues, grammar explanations, vocabulary and exercises. Written by Yaşar Esendal Kuzucu, experienced teacher and translator
Second edition published by Oxford University Press in 2000. Written by Geoffrey Lewis, Emeritus Professor of Turkish at Oxford. Contains 140 pages with bibliography and index
Possessive pronouns indicate ownership or relationship between people. They help avoid repetition in speech and writing
Turkish vowels are divided into two groups based on their placement. Verbs typically go at the end of Turkish sentences. A single word can form complete sentences through suffixes. Turkish uses three cases: dative (to), ablative (from), and accusative (specific)