WVS is largest cross-national empirical study of human beliefs and values. Survey covers 120 countries representing 95% of world population. Data collected every four years through seven waves (1981-2021)
Marriage rates worldwide are declining significantly since mid-20th century. US marriage rates fell from 12 to 16.4 per 1,000 people between 1920-1972. People are marrying later in life, especially in older cohorts. Cohabitation has become increasingly common worldwide. Global percentage of women in marriage or cohabitation is decreasing slightly
Modernity radically alters both social life and personal experiences. Modern institutions are characterized by global impact and institutional reflexivity. Trust serves as a protective cocoon for individuals in uncertain environments. Modernity is a risk culture with new high-consequence risks
Development is an upward movement of energy, efficiency, and productivity in society. Social change occurs through increasing awareness leading to better organization. Development requires motive, resources, and organizational capacity
Social movements are loosely organized groups seeking social or political change. They empower oppressed populations to challenge powerful elites. Movements can be peaceful (nonviolent) or violent (armed). They often use technology and internet for global mobilization
Gender fluidity is a non-fixed gender identity that shifts over time. Genderfluid individuals may identify as non-binary, transgender, or cisgender. Gender fluidity differs from gender-questioning, which explores identity