Norman Borlaug developed high-yield wheat in Mexico in 1940s. Mexican farmers achieved self-sufficiency between 1940-1960s. Techniques spread to India, Pakistan, Philippines, and China. Rice yields increased 50% in Asia between 1970s-1990s
Civilization refers to peaceful community development and first settled states. Agriculture revolutionized human history by enabling permanent settlements. All major civilizations built cities, invented writing, and domesticated animals. Archaeological discoveries made in past 200 years, especially in Mesopotamia and China
Green Revolution began in developed countries in early 20th century. Norman Borlaug, "Father of Green Revolution," won Nobel Peace Prize in 1970. Ford and Rockefeller Foundations heavily involved in Mexico's initial development. Technology spread globally until late 1980s
Neolithic Revolution marked transition from hunting-gathering to agriculture in Afro-Eurasia. Domestication of plants and animals began 11,700 years ago after Ice Age. First agricultural revolution was invented by V. Gordon Childe in 1936. Tell Aswad is oldest site with domesticated emmer wheat, dating to 10,800 BP
Earth experienced constant temperature changes during Ice Ages. Giant mammals like mammoths and rhinos thrived during these periods. Climate cycles ended with Last Glacial Maximum 20,000 years ago
Human population began around 3 million years ago as hunter-gatherers. By 130,000 BCE, only 200,000 humans were concentrated in Africa. Climate change led to Neanderthal and Homo floresiensis extinctions. Humans migrated to Asia, Australia, Europe, and Americas