Maya calendar used in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica and modern Guatemalan communities. Based on 5th century BC system shared with Zapotec, Olmec, Mixtec and Aztec calendars. Itzamna credited with bringing calendrical knowledge to ancestral Maya
Hindsight bias is the tendency to perceive past events as more predictable than they were. Concept emerged in 1970s from Baruch Fischhoff's observation of clinicians' overestimation of case outcomes. Bias affects historians, physicians, and jurors in various contexts
Historian studies and writes about past events as authority on human race. Professional occupation emerged in late 19th century with university research. Ancient historians differed from modern ones in goals, documentation, and methods
Solar time is based on Sun's position in sky and synodic rotation period. Local apparent noon occurs when shadow points exactly north or south. Apparent solar time varies by up to 16 minutes due to Earth's orbit
Antiquarian is an aficionado studying ancient artifacts and historical sites. Term "antiquary" first appeared in English in 16th century. Ancient China pioneered epigraphy and artifact catalogues. Ancient Rome focused on monuments and traditional customs
Historical method is the techniques historians use to research and write past histories. Historiography studies historical method and different ways of writing history. Specific canons of historical proof are not widely observed among historians