Spark plugs ignite air-fuel mixture in gasoline engine cylinders. Combustion pressure powers pistons, which drive crankshaft. Each cylinder requires one spark plug for full operation
Metallic split rings attached to piston in internal combustion engines. Seal combustion chamber and improve heat transfer. Maintain proper oil quantity and regulate engine oil consumption. Make up approximately 24% of total engine mechanical friction
Circulates engine oil under pressure to lubricate bearings and cool engine. Pressurized oil powers small actuators and hydraulic systems. Generates pressure of about 10 psi per 1000 RPM, peaking at 55-65 psi
DOHC engines feature dual overhead camshafts and 16 valves per cylinder. Two camshafts control intake and exhaust valves independently. Each valve has dual springs for higher rpm operation
Measure cylinder bore diameter using bore gauge. Determine stroke using deck bridge and dial calipers. Measure clearance volume between cylinder top and piston. Calculate head gasket volume using specific formula. Calculate swept volume by multiplying diameter by stroke
Manual available for 2002-2016 Ford Fiesta models. Paintwork shows chips and rotting before 10-15 years. Suspension parts last 80-120 thousand km