Lead and copper have been used in architecture for thousands of years. Copper roofs were installed on Sri Lanka's Lovamahapaya Temple in 3rd century BCE. Iron became cheaper than lead in early 19th century. Henry Palmer patented corrugated metallic sheets in 1829
Wrought iron contains less than 0.05% carbon and up to 2% slag by weight. It is a semi-fused iron with fibrous slag inclusions. Contains approximately 250,000 slag inclusions per square inch
Cupronickel is an alloy of copper with nickel containing 60-90% copper. Despite high copper content, it appears silver in color. Contains small amounts of iron and manganese for strength
Copper alloys contain copper as their main component. They exhibit high resistance to corrosion. There are approximately 400 different copper alloy compositions
Austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel with PREN value 17.5-21.1. Tensile strength ranges from 500 to 700 N/mm². Non-magnetic with low magnetisability. Density of 7.9 kg/dm³ at 20°C
Evaluates corrosion resistance of metallic materials and coatings. Suitable for detecting discontinuities and defects in coatings. Not intended for direct comparison of different materials