Humus is the rich brown or black substance left after organic matter decomposes. It contains essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium. High-quality farmland soil contains 3-6% humus
Over 15 million tonnes of spent coffee grounds generated annually. One tonne of green coffee produces approximately 650 kg of grounds. Burning grounds releases hazardous nitrogen oxides
Biodegradable means substances break down naturally with or without oxygen. Materials can biodegrade in weeks to twenty years. Biodegradation occurs through microorganisms breaking down into carbon dioxide and water. Aerobic degradation uses oxygen, anaerobic without it releases greenhouse gases
Digestate is material remaining after anaerobic digestion of biodegradable feedstocks. Anaerobic digestion produces digestate and biogas as main products. Digestate is produced through acidogenesis and methanogenesis processes
Manure is organic matter used as agricultural fertilizer. Animal manure includes feces, farmyard manure, and slurry. Compost is decomposed organic materials, often containing animal dung. Green manure is crops grown specifically for soil fertility
Soil fertility enables agricultural growth and consistent yields. Fertile soil provides adequate nutrients and water for plant growth. Key properties include sufficient depth, good drainage, and pH 5.5-7.0