Ships are classified based on size, cargo capacity, and purpose. Valemax ships operate with 380,000-400,000 DWT capacity. Around 5,000 bulk carriers worldwide transport global trade
Istanbul-based Yasa Shipping is part of the Sabanci Family. Company operates 14 tankers and 38 bulk carriers. Founded in early 2000s under Yalcin Sabanci's leadership
Shipbroking evolved from city coffee houses at Baltic Exchange. Major shipping centers include London, New York, Singapore, Tokyo. Most shipbrokers now specialize in specific sectors
STS transfers cargo between seagoing vessels while stationary or underway. Typically involves crude oil, LPG, bulk cargo, and petroleum products. Operates at open sea or outer port limit
Chartering involves shipowners hiring vessels to charterers through a charterparty. Charter rates can be based on tonage, Worldscale points, or daily USD. Charterers may own cargo and use shipbrokers to find vessels
Ship holds are spaces for carrying cargo in compartments. Cargo can be packaged or unpackaged, accessed through top hatch. Older holds were below orlop deck, later extended to weather deck. Some ships have built-in cranes, others need dock side or gantry cranes