Heart rate variability (HRV) measures fluctuations between heartbeats. Healthy heart is complex and non-linear, not a metronome. HRV reflects autonomic balance, blood pressure, and vascular tone
Rowing machines work core, legs, arms, and back muscles simultaneously. Sit on seat with feet secured in rubber-soled shoes. Adjust seat to comfortable position and bend knees near base. Grab handle with overhand grip, palms facing down
Heart is a muscular organ in middle mediastinum, measuring 12x8.5x6 cm. Left-sided orientation (levocardia) is formally known as dextrocardia. Heart weighs ~310g in males and ~255g in females
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RAS regulates blood pressure, fluid balance, and systemic vascular resistance. Juxtaglomerular cells convert prorenin to renin when blood flow decreases. Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, which is converted to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II acts as vasoconstrictor and stimulates aldosterone secretion
CVP is blood pressure in venae cavae near right atrium. Normal values range from 4 to 12 cm H2O. Can be measured from sternum (0-14 cm H2O) or midaxillary line (8-15 cm H2O)