NaCl is a white crystalline solid found in oceans and seas. Makes up 1-5% of seawater and is also known as rock salt. Has molecular weight of 58.44g/mol
Ionic bonding involves electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. Metals lose electrons to form cations, nonmetals gain electrons to form anions. All ionic compounds have some degree of covalent bonding. Bonding occurs when ionic character exceeds covalent character
Ionic bonds form between oppositely charged atoms through electrostatic attraction. Electronegativity difference must exceed 1.7 for ionic bonding. Electrons never completely transfer between atoms during bonding
Ceramics are inorganic, nonmetallic solids with mechanical strength despite brittleness. They are resistant to chemicals, have low conductivity, and can be decorative. Diamond and graphite are exceptions to ceramic properties despite inorganic composition
Electronegativity measures an atom's ability to attract electrons in bonds. Higher electronegativity means stronger electron attraction. Electronegativity increases from top right to bottom left in periodic table
Chemical bonding forms when atoms gain, lose, or transfer electrons. Stronger bonding leads to more stable compounds. Atoms strive for stability by losing energy