Final approach is the last leg when aircraft aligns with runway and descends. Standard approach pattern requires turning within 1/2-2 miles of airport. Straight-in final approach used for instrument and VFR approaches
Air navigation differs from surface craft navigation due to high speeds and limited fuel capacity. Successful navigation requires avoiding getting lost and enforcing aircraft laws. Pilots must constantly maintain position awareness due to limited in-flight rescue options
Directive ensures multi-national aircraft operations in NATO airfields. Applies to all NATO fixed and rotary wing aircraft facilities. Supersedes previous ACO Directive 85-5 from December 1999
ILS is a precision approach aid using two radio beams for lateral and vertical guidance. Standard approach angle is 3 degrees for stable profile. Decision height (DH) determines when pilots must continue approach
Density altitude is pressure altitude corrected for non-standard temperature. It's not a physical altitude but a performance metric. Higher temperature means lower aircraft performance
Flightradar provides real-time flight tracking worldwide. Service works by receiving data from nearby air traffic control towers. Available for Windows, Mac, iOS, and Android devices